pope pius xi name

Under his leadership the Vatican challenged the extreme nationalism of Action Français in France and the anti-Semitism of the Rev. Servant of the Servants of God Charles E. Coughlin in the United States. He was born within the Austrian Empire on the last day of May in 1857. By the inscrutable design of Divine Providence We were raised to this summit of the Catholic priesthood. Pius XI (1857-1939) was pope from 1922 to 1939. Unfortunately, he died before his encyclical could be issued, and the draft was shelved by his successor, Pius XII, who decided to pursue a less confrontational course toward the fascist regimes. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The papacy, in turn, recognized the establishment of the kingdom of Italy and announced permanent neutrality in military and diplomatic conflicts of the world. He was named Cardinal-Archbishop of Milan in 1921. His great scholarly speciality was as an expert pale… He … Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. He was ordained as a priest in 1879 and embarked on academic career within the Church. Achille Ratti was born in Desio, Province of Milan in 1857, the son of the prosperous owner of a silk factory. Corrections? On February 10, 1939, Pius XI died, at the age of 81. II, Italian: Pio II), born Enea Silvio Bartolomeo Piccolomini (Latin: Aeneas Silvius Bartholomeus; 18 October 1405 – 14 August 1464), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 August 1458 to his death. In 1922 he had defined Catholic Action as “the participation of the laity in the apostolate of the Church’s hierarchy.”. Pius’s role in these negotiations was considerable, their success owing much to his appreciation of the interests of the church and of contemporary political realities. Pope Pius II (Latin: Pius PP. Pope Pius XI (Achille Ratti) 1922.02.06 – 1939.02.10. Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church. Omissions? Some of his decisions were controversial. Most significant was his consecration of the first Chinese bishops, in 1926. XI; Italian: Pio XI, 31 May 1857–10 February 1939), born Achille Ratti, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 260th Pope from 1922 to 1939. This page was last changed on 22 May 2020, at 00:27. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Pius XI, a student of Hebrew, was responsible for the three major encyclicals against the totalitarian systems that challenged Christian principles: Non abbiamo bisogno (1931; “We Do Not Need to Acquaint You”) against the abuses of fascist Italy; Mit brennender sorge (1937; “With Deep Anxiety”) against Nazi Germany, and Divini redemptoris (1937; “Divine Redeemer”) against the ends of atheistic communism. Role Title Holding Repository; referencedIn: Houghton Mifflin Company contracts, 1831-1979 (inclusive) 1880-1940 (bulk). The materials included the diaries of Eugenio Pacelli, who became Secretary of State in 1930. In 1930 he witnessed the reunion of the Syro-Melankarese Christians (of southern India) with Rome. He chose the name Pius, and his personality was strong, similar to Pius IX and Pius X. Hoping to secure the rights of the Church in Germany, the Church agreed to a requirement that clergy cease to participate in politics. Concurrently, a concordat established the validity of church marriage in Italy, provided compulsory religious instruction for Catholic schoolchildren, and declared Roman Catholicism to be Italy’s only religion of state. [3], Some of his decisions were controversial. This is the charge often levelled at Pope Pius XII, who was pope from 1939-58. He made 18 concordats (treaties) with foreign governments. Pius IX was crowned on 21 June 1846. This charge has led to controversy over Pius XII’s canonization cause. His papal motto, “Pax Christi in regno Christi” (“The peace of Christ in the kingdom of Christ”), illustrated his work to construct a new Christendom based on world peace. It started in the 1960s with the play “The Deputy” and has waxed and waned in popularity over the years. aball1035February 8, 2009, 5:02am #6 In 1938, eight months before his death and 15 months before the outbreak of World War II, Pius secretly commissioned a fourth encyclical that would have denounced racism and the persecution of the Jews and explicitly condemned anti-Semitism. Quick Facts About Pope Pius X. He was elected pope at the conclave and took the name Pius … In 1933, the ailing President von Hindenberg appointed Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany in a Coalition Cabinet, and the Holy See concluded the Reich concordattreaty with the still nominally functioning Weimar state later that year. Metropolitan Archbishop of the Province of Rome. Primate of Italy. Pope Pius XII: Personal details; Birth name: Achille Ratti: Born: 31 May 1857 Desio, Lombardy-Venetia, Austrian Empire: Died: 10 February 1939 Apostolic Palace, Vatican City: Motto: Raptim Transit (It goes by swiftly) Pax Christi in Regno Christi (The Peace of Christ in the Realm of Christ) Other popes named Pius: Pope Pius XI (Latin: Pius PP. In his 1931 encyclical Quadragesimo Anno, Pope Pius XI introduced a critically important Catholic social teaching concept, one which has maintained currency in political debates today. Pacelli, when he became Pope, would bury the document deep in the secret archives. His tenure as the head of the church began in February 1922 and ended with his death in February 1939. Bishop of Rome. Mastai Ferretti chose the name of Pius IX in honour of Pope Pius VII (1800–23), who had encouraged his vocation to the priesthood despite his childhood epilepsy. His full regular name was Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti. Vicar of Jesus Christ. At the death of Pope Benedict XV, Ratti was elected Pope on February 6, 1922 and chose the name Pius XI. In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Pius’s pontificate soon witnessed the rise to power of Benito Mussolini, who signed (February 11, 1929) with him the Lateran Treaty that allowed the existence of the independent Vatican City state, over which the pope ruled. Beginning Pontificate: 6,12.II.1922: End Pontificate: 10.II.1939: Secular Name: Achille Ratti: Birth: Desio (Milan) Website: http://w2.vatican.va/content/pius-xi/en.html 1. Ordained in 1879, he became a scholar, a paleographer, and a prefect of the Vatican library. He worked at Ambrosian Library of Milan from 1888 to 1911; and at the Vatican Library from 1911-1914. Pius XI, original name Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, (born May 31, 1857, Desio, Lombardy, Austrian Empire [now in Italy]—died February 10, 1939, Rome, Italy), Italian pope from 1922 to 1939, one of the most important modern pontiffs. With the aid of his secretaries of state, the cardinals Gasparri (1922–30) and Pacelli (1930–39), he concluded concordats that strengthened and united Catholicism in countries suffering the aftereffects of World War I, including Latvia (1922), Poland (1925), Romania and Lithuania (1927), Prussia (1929), and Austria and Germany (1933). From that moment Our thoughts were turned to all … Amen. Patriarch of the West. The Hitler regime routinely violated the treaty, an… Pope Pius XI (Latin: Pius PP. Enrico Pucci, Rome Correspondent, N.C.W.C.) Pius further agreed that a pope would intervene in foreign affairs not as head of a sovereign state but as head of the church. Updates? [1], Ratti was ordained as a priest in 1875. Houghton Library Pius XI WAS Pope in 1939, the year the war broke out. He made 18 concordats (treaties) with foreign governments. Sovereign of the Vatican City State. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti, where he served for a few months before being elected Pope. Visualizza altre idee su Chiesa cattolica, Cattolico, Chiesa. As for why - well, it’s not as if refusing to take the name of Pius would’ve prevented the war, only our ceasing to offend God - He is not so easily swayed from His intentions as to stop a war for a mere technicality like a name! Pope Reviews Career of St. Columbanus (By Mgr. The pope’s announcement of a Year of St. Joseph purposely coincided with the 150th anniversary of the saint’s proclamation as patron of the Universal Church by Pope Pius IX on Dec. 8, 1870. They included the Lateran Concordat with Italy in 1929; and the Reichskoncordat with Germany in 1933. During this period, the Vatican became an independent city-state in 1929, which effectively made him its first sovereign. After Pope Pius XI’s death in 1939, Pacelli became camerlengo, the chamberlain who handles the transition after the death of a pope and the election of another. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Surpassing his predecessors in support of overseas missions, he required every religious order to engage actively in this work, with the result that missionaries doubled their number during his pontificate. He was born at Corsignano in the Sienese territory of a noble but impoverished family. Pope Pius XI, birth name Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, was the 259th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. Pope Cardinal Ratti was elected pope on February 6, 1922; and he chose the name Pope Pius XI. 3-ago-2013 - Esplora la bacheca "POPE PIUS XI" di billyshears, seguita da 1245 persone su Pinterest. Pope Pius XI thus became the first Pontiff in history to address the world on the radio. Stato Ecclesiastico His Holiness Pius XI (Pius PP. [2], Cardinal Ratti was elected pope on February 6, 1922; and he chose the name Pope Pius XI. From 1933 to 1936 he wrote several protests against the Third Reich, and his attitude toward fascist Italy changed dramatically after Nazi racial policies were introduced into Italy in 1938. [2], Father Ratti was a professor at the Padua Seminary from 1882 to 1888. However, Mastai Ferretti, now Pope Pius IX, had little diplomatic experience and no curial experience at all, a fact which did cause some controversy. Pius XII, original name Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli, (born March 2, 1876, Rome, Italy—died October 9, 1958, Castel Gandolfo), pope, bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church, who had a long, tumultuous, and controversial pontificate (1939–58). Pope Pius XI reigned from 1922, succeeding Pope Benedict XV, and died in 1938, succeeded by Pope Pius XII. He made great efforts to organize the laity, first in Italy and then throughout the whole church, calling for “specialized movements” and particularly encouraging Catholic Action (the “Jocists”), a Christian youth organization for the working classes. The rich text of the first papal radio message was written in Latin by Pius XI himself. During his reign the Lateran Treaty between the Vatican and Italy was signed. But as a scholar, he was open to science and research like no other Pope since Leo XIII. He equally encouraged historians and liturgiologists to study Eastern Christianity, inaugurating the work of codifying Eastern canon law. Pius XI, original name Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, (born May 31, 1857, Desio, Lombardy, Austrian Empire [now in Italy]—died February 10, 1939, Rome, Italy), Italian pope from 1922 to 1939, one of the most important modern pontiffs. [2], In 1919, Pope Benedict XV made Ratti a Bishop of Lepanto. Unfortunately, World War II ruined several of these treaties. A learned humanist, Pius founded research establishments and institutes of higher education, including the Pontifical Institute of Christian Archaeology (1925) and the Pontifical Academy of Science (1936). ENCYCLICAL OF POPE PIUS XI ON THE CATHOLIC PRIESTHOOD TO OUR VENERABLE BRETHREN THE PATRIARCHS, PRIMATES, ARCHBISHOPS, BISHOPS, AND OTHER ORDINARIES IN PEACE AND COMMUNION WITH THE APOSTOLIC SEE. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pius-XI, Jewish Virtual Library - Biography of Pius XI. [5], Media related to Pius XI at Wikimedia Commons, Peter Linus Anacletus (Cletus) Clement I Evaristus Alexander I Sixtus I Telesphorus Hyginus Pius I Anicetus Soter Eleuterus Victor I Zephyrinus Callixtus I Urban I Pontian Anterus Fabian Cornelius Lucius I Stephen I Sixtus II Dionysius Felix I Eutychian Caius Marcellinus Marcellus I Eusebius Miltiades Sylvester I Mark, Julius I Liberius Damasus I Siricius Anastasius I Innocent I Zosimus Boniface I Celestine I Sixtus IIILeo I Hilarius Simplicius Felix III Gelasius I Anastasius II Symmachus Hormisdas John I Felix IV Boniface II John II Agapetus I Silverius Vigilius Pelagius IJohn III Benedict I Pelagius II Gregory I Sabinian Boniface III Boniface IV Adeodatus I, Boniface V Honorius I Severinus John IV Theodore I Martin I Eugene IVitalian Adeodatus II Donus Agatho Leo II Benedict II John V Conon Sergius I John VI John VII Sisinnius Constantine Gregory II Gregory IIIZachary Stephen II Paul I Stephen III Adrian I Leo III Stephen IV Paschal I Eugene II Valentine Gregory IV, Sergius II Leo IV Benedict III Nicholas I Adrian II John VIII Marinus I Adrian III Stephen V Formosus Boniface VI Stephen VI Romanus Theodore II John IX Benedict IV Leo V Sergius III Anastasius III Lando John X Leo VI Stephen VII John XI Leo VII Stephen VIII Marinus II Agapetus II John XII Benedict V Leo VIII John XIII Benedict VI, Benedict VII John XIV John XV Gregory V Sylvester II John XVII John XVIII Sergius IV Benedict VIII John XIX Benedict IXa Sylvester III Benedict IXa Gregory VI Clement II Benedict IXa Damasus II Leo IX Victor II Stephen IX Nicholas II Alexander II Gregory VII Victor III Urban II Paschal II Gelasius II Callixtus II Honorius II Innocent II Celestine II Lucius II Eugene III, Anastasius IV Adrian IV Alexander III Lucius III Urban III Gregory VIII Clement III Celestine III Innocent III Honorius III Gregory IX Celestine IV Innocent IV Alexander IV Urban IV Clement IV Gregory X Innocent V Adrian V John XXIb Nicholas III Martin IV Honorius IV Nicholas IV Celestine V Boniface VIII Benedict XIb Clement V John XXII Benedict XII Clement VI Innocent VI Urban V, Gregory XI Urban VI Boniface IX Innocent VII Gregory XII Martin V Eugene IV Nicholas V Callixtus III Pius II Paul II Sixtus IV Innocent VIII Alexander VI Pius III Julius II Leo X Adrian VI Clement VII Paul III Julius III Marcellus II Paul IV Pius IV Pius V Gregory XIII Sixtus V Urban VII Gregory XIV Innocent IX Clement VIII Leo XI Paul V, Gregory XV Urban VIII Innocent X Alexander VII Clement IX Clement X Innocent XI Alexander VIII Innocent XII Clement XI Innocent XIII Benedict XIII Clement XII Benedict XIV Clement XIII Clement XIV Pius VI Pius VII Leo XII Pius VIII Gregory XVI Pius IX Leo XIII Pius X Benedict XV Pius XI Pius XII John XXIII Paul VI John Paul I John Paul IIBenedict XVIFrancis, From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, "Pontiff Spent His Life in Religion From His Boyhood Years,", https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_XI&oldid=6951761, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles with Italian-language sources (it), Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. 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