][2]) and a policy commentary on conservation biology by [SoulA© and Sanjayan][3] address this question by presenting new computational methods. This review concludes that local chickens play a significant role in improving livelihoods, and strategies to preserve and sustain them must be intensified. These indigenous hen eggs are mostly hatched into chicks and sometimes are wasted due to improper care given by the owners. IVCs are mainly kept in the extensive production system with scarce production inputs. In conclusion, a mixture of 10% pawpaw juice and 90%coconut milk-citrate was as effective as EYC and could be optimally used as an extender for ram semen stored at room temperature for up-to 6 hours, Chickens kept under free-range, backyard or semi-intensive systems in the developing countries have more diverse use and benefits to rural households. The total egg numbers of TRFCC (n=157) were recorded from 25 to 48 weeks of age. Conclusively, daily monthly household income increased from N 475 ($ 2.2) to N 750 ($ 3.5) while egg and meat consumption increased by 200% and 100%, respectively. The decline in consumption of AIFCs has been implicated in the emergence and spread of chronic diseases in Africa (Rasche et al., 2007). Coefficients of variation were very small signifying a monotypic condition and an almost equal opportunity of selection for type based on body parameters of the two ecotype chickens. Despite this, their productivity has been reported to be generally lower than their exotic or crossbred counterparts (Nwosu and Asuquo, 1985;Odubote, 1994; ... Nigerian indigenous chickens have proven to be hardy and able to survive in extreme weather conditions (Adebambo et al., 1999; ... Noiler, also a dual-purpose breed developed in Nigeria, showed better performance in body weight gain than Kuroiler and Sasso, which are also dual-purpose and tropically adapted breeds but not indigenous to Nigeria. effluents, animal welfare...In parallel, methods are improving thus allowing a better modelisation of traits and of genetic effects but also an integration of results of molecular information. A total of 601 chicks was hatched from all possible mating sbetween the three genotypes. Reduction in WG from 4 to 7 wk because of high AT was greater in high-GR birds than in low-GR birds, but, in both stocks, the high AT effect was greater on normally feathered birds than on the other three genotypes. 2 1.2 Problem statement. The studies carried out so far suggest that in the countries of Eastern Europe there is awareness of the necessity to maintain for future generations established, native breeds of poultry not only as genetic resources indispensable for further breeding activities, but also as live evidence of the great achievements of many generations of past breeders. The EYC and P1 C9 ewes both recorded 50% conception rates. Ajayi Subject: Asian Journal of Poultry Science Keywords: Nigeria, Major genes, molecular characterization, heritability Created Date: 9/4/2010 8:18:52 AM Nigerian local chickens (Ige et al., 2013) while homozygouse HBAA was reported for Muscovy ducks (Oguntunji and Ayorinde, 2015) and three varieties of Nigerian indigenous chicken … Combining the two allles resulted in an additive effect, which was more pronounced in the high-GR stock. High mortality of chicks (average survival rate of 51.3±13.3%, ranging from 12-75%.) Thus, the present review provides genetic and performance information on INN chickens which may be useful for further improvement of tropical breeds. Clade IV had 16 haplotypes, while clade IIIc had one haplotype. of indigenous chicken from the Middle East, Northern and the Horn of Africa. Reduced feather coverage, either by decreased number or by modified shape, may help birds to dissipate internal heat more efficiently. Wattle temperature (p = .017) and BRE (p = .000) differ significantly among the genotypes. This was reflected in some of the carcase and meat quality measures. Lymphoid leukosis (LL)-like lymphoma is a low incidence, yet costly and poorly understood disease of domestic chickens. Heritability estimates of body weight of 0.43 and 0.30 for heavy ecotype chicken at 8 and 20 weeks, respectively is an indication that the heavy chicken ecotype may possess dual potential to be selected as meat type or egg-type bird because 8 weeks and 20 weeks of age are broiler and layer ages, respectively. This research investigated the effect of biochemical polymorphisms on performance traits in Nigerian indigenous chicken genotypes. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. The spontaneous LL-like tumor incidence jumped from 14% by AF227 alone to 42-43% by AF227 in combination with SB-1 in the RFS chickens under controlled conditions. This study investigated the relationship between serum protein levels and egg productivity in Taiwan red-feathered country chickens (TRFCC). This together with the presence of pectoral myopathies make ROSS unsuitable for 12 week growth in free range production systems. Eight healthy multiparous non gravid West African Dwarf (WAD) ewes and two sexually matured rams intensively managed on grass, fed concentrate and water (ad libitum) were used in this study. The Nigerian indigenous chicken populations still provide the basis for the poultry sector (Yakubu et al., 2009; Yakubu, 2010). ALSO READ: The Nutritional Requirements of Chick, Pullet & Layer. Dina OA, Arowolo RO. (2010): Nigeria indigenous chicken: A valuable Genetic Resource for meat and egg production. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT) and skin temperature on comb (COM), wattle (WAT), breast (BRE) and under wings (WIN) were monitored between 13.00 and 14.00h twice a week for four weeks. The purpose of this review is to provide a detailed understanding of the description, uses and conservation methods of local chicken breeds of Africa. However, not much is known on these flocks about their management and general breeding performances despite the inherent advantages it confers on rural farmers, ... Fulani eco-type is one of the indigenous chickens, with reference to the individual weight of the ecotypes, Fulani eco-type chicken when compared to other eco-type were said to be better both in body weight and fleshing (Olori, 1994). 20 2006: pp. No Abstract.Nigerian Journal of Genetics Vol. The whole could make it possible to select for new criteria but also to renew the study of already selected traits such as growth or laying intensity. The group that was used for consumer sensory evaluation of broiler and indigenous chicken meat consisted of 82 participants. The significantly longer (p<0.05) bodies of the Fulani suggests a departure in function between the genotypes. Significant differences were obtained for meat yield parameters such as body weight, blood loss, shank weight, liver weight, abdominal fat, dressed carcass and edible carcass weight. The feather structure and feather distribution genes are well adaptive to the harsh tropical environment; survive on low energy feed, highly resistant to diseases and superior to their exotic counterparts. Nigerian indigenous chickens had lower BRE temperature than other two genotypes. In addition, a recall survey was conducted to develop hen performance history. African indigenous education was a lifelong process of learning where by a person progressed through predetermined stages of life of graduation from cradle to grave. Introduction Indigenous chickens play important roles in the supply of animal protein and income to the rural populace [1]. The exact origin of the Nigerian indigenous chicken breeds is unknown, but like all domesticated chickens, their ancestry is most likely, linked to the specie Gallus gallus domesticus. In contrast, laying hens had significantly (p < .001) higher RR and HSI than cocks. In Nigeria, under on-farm conditions, Noiler (166.2) and Funnab alpha (117.6) were best performers with 269.3 and 161.3% productions above the indigenous chicken in similar conditions. laying. Indigenous/native breeds of chickens are playing an important role in rural economies in most of the developing and underdeveloped countries. Nigerian Indigenous Chicken: A Valuable Genetic Resource for Meat and Egg Production: F.O. The number of chickens standing and lying, respectively, in each of 5 zones in the outdoor area were recorded at intervals throughout the outdoor growth period until slaughter at 84 d of age. Feed and strain both affected the distribution of the birds on the outdoor area, with more birds on feed M than L observed outside, and with more LAB birds outside and using more of the outdoor area than ROSS. Other serum proteins (apolipoprotein A-I, ovotransferrin and vitellogenin) were found at different levels between the most productive and the least productive groups of TRFCC, were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and were quantified by age. 15 for Nigerian indigenous chicken population, 1 for Giriraja and 1 for Anak titan from 23 polymorphic sites. Flock characteristics and performance, Egg traits, hatchability and early growth performance of the Fulani-ecotype chicken, Morphometric differentiation and asessment of function of the fulani and yoruba ecotype indigenous chickens of Nigeria, Indigenous naked neck chicken: A valuable genetic resource for Bangladesh, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3 (BMP3) Gene Variation in some Livestock Animals, Livestock breeding practices and trait and breed preferences, Association of serum protein levels with egg productivity in Taiwan red-feathered country chickens. Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. Click here to download: Indigenous Chicken Housing. This study was undertaken to contribute to the genetic improvement of the Nigerian indigenous chicken by crossing with an exotic egg type strain Isa Brown. The Na allele did not affect breast meat yield of low-GR broilers but increased it significantly in high-GR broilers. Mean chick weight increased by more than eleven times within the first eight weeks of life. Mean egg laying performance of hens were 17, 21 and 25 eggs for the first, second and third and higher clutches, respectively. Several studies have been conducted on the nutritional requirements of local chickens, but the results were inconclusive and contradictory. Average household size was 7. Two reports in this issue of Science ([ Ando et al . Nigeria has many indigenous chicken breeds that together form a large proportion of the poultry consumption in the country, which are yet to be incorporated into breeding programmes as well as their genetic potentials exploited. The serum from each sample was evaluated for Avian Leukosis Virus (ALV) P-27 antigen by the Antigen-ELISA method. Ajayi F. O. protein chip technology and with an insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) immunoassay. Each household was randomly allocated an average of 30 birds from any one of the six improved chicken breeds (Fulani, FUNAAB Alpha, Kuroiler, Noiler, Sasso and ShikaBrown) tested on-farm. A total of 250 households (HH) from 10 villages (two villages from each region) were included in the study. If we can only preserve some of the Earth's land, how do we decide which bits to save to achieve preservation of the most species? A total of 214 pedigree hatched day old chicks of HE, 190 day old chicks of MCX and 185 day old chicks of RCX from a total of 15 sires were used in the study. Bohani Mtileni, Kennedy Dzama, Khathutshelo Nephawe, Clint Rhode, Estimates of effective population size and inbreeding in South African indigenous chicken populations: implications for the conservation of unique genetic resources, Tropical Animal Health and Production, 10.1007/s11250-016-1030-9, 48, 5, (943-950), (2016). The third diluent (Standard Egg-yolk citrate) served as a control. The aim of this study was to evaluate chickens from three different agro-ecological zones for their reproductive and growth performance. Performance of broiler fed with different commercial compound feeds of Bangladesh, Feed and strain effects on the use of outdoor areas by broilers, Poultry genetics: New criteria and new methods. A total of 160 eggs obtained from a population of Nigerian heavy chicken ecotype (NHCE) hens aged 50 weeks were used. 4. In their commentary, Pimm and Lawton discuss the use of these algorithms for making conservation choices. The present report suggests that Fulani-ecotype chicken has good potential for meat and egg production, therefore selection along these two directions may help to develop indigenous strains of meat type chicken. It is believed that the successful testing, adaptation, multiplication, and adoption of high producing chicken genotypes is critical for accelerating realized productivity growth in sub-Saharan Africa. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Higher FCR value (P<0.01) was observed for T 5 dietary group which indicated low feed conversion efficiency. Indices of egg internal quality suggested that the Fulani-ecotype chicken is highly desirable. The aim was to provide baseline information on size characteristics of Fulani and Yoruba ecotype chickens, differentiate between the types and use the morphometrical variables for a preliminary assessment of type and function. 2. Oestrus was synchronised in all the ewes by two intramuscular injections of 5mg PGF2 ∝ seven days apart. These birds also possess valuable genetic potentials for production and adaptation acquired over years of natural selection and evolution. interactive effect of sire and dam of the Nigerian indigenous chicken, thus this study was designed to elucidate the fertility and hatchability of the indigenous strains in their pure and crossbred state. Therefore INN strains may be a promising and worthy genetic resource for the development of a breed or strain through selective or crossbreeding program suited to Bangladesh and in other countries where similar environments and socio-economic conditions exist. The males were also superior (P<0.01) to the females for comb, wing, shank length and breast breadth while live weight, toe and thigh length also differ (P<0.05) within each ecotype. T 1 dietary group showed high trend of feed consumption. The frequencies of the dominant genes carriers were between 0.02 and 0.03. [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/279/5359/2106 Evaluation under farm conditions. The present survey has allowed us to summarize information on 56 indigenous breeds, varieties and strains of chickens, 13 of turkeys, four of Japanese quail, three of guinea fowl, nine of ducks and 36 of geese preserved in East-European countries as poultry genetic resources. pdf. Crossbreeding with the exotic breeds improved body weight greatly at 12 weeks of age. Some Factors Affecting Reproductive Traits in Nigerian Indigenous Chickens under Intensive Management System Authors : J. Aliyu, A. O. Raji, A. Conception was monitored using a portable ultrasound machine. In study two, 165 eggs were used to evaluate fertility and hatchability traits. 6 Genetic group N %Incidence Genefrequency Carriersinthe population Normal 1594 78.44 Frizzled 223 10.97 F=0.06 F=0.94 11.64% Nakedneck 175 8.61 Na=0.05 In conclusion, the three genotypes can adequately adapt to the prevailing conditions of humid tropics. Egg number had previously been reported as one of the significant traits influencing farmers' breed preference (Yakubu et al., 2019). Sixteen groups of either Ross 208 (ROSS) or a Labresse cross (LAB) were fed either feed M or L. They were raised indoors until 42 d of age when groups of, Genetics is responsible for a large proportion of the dramatic increase in poultry production, partly thanks to biological characteristics of poultry species which are particularly favourable to selection. 6. The world poultry population has been estimated to be about 16.2 billion, with 71.6 % in developing countries, producing 67, 718,544 metric tons of chicken meat and 57,861,747 metric tons of hen eggs (Gueye, 2005). Vaccination with serotype 2 MD viruses, SB-1, in addition to AF227 or AF229 inoculation, significantly enhanced the spontaneous LL-like tumor incidence in the RFS chickens. There is a wealth of knowledge, wisdom, and practice associated with IVC production, which together with identified cost-effective interventions incorporating improvements in management, nutrition, disease control, and/or genetics have the potential to achieve profitable and sustainable production for the benefit of subsistence farmers and their families. These results are published and available to the farmers who want to keep certain types of chickens. Polydactyl birds were significantly (P<0.05) superior in body girth and shank length compared with ptylopod and normal birds. The performance of the breeds was significantly (p. In this study, different Nigerian egg-type chickens were evaluated under the same management condition for their laying performance in order to ascertain the most productive strains. Improve as new methods and more rapid and accurate identification and selection at the Gene level those! Which indicated low feed conversion efficiency 1995 ) of Science ( [ et! Number or by modified shape, may help birds to dissipate internal heat efficiently! Frizzling and naked neck genes conferred better feed conversion efficiency taken to protect four local chicken consist... Blood protein markers than the expected mendelian value of 0.75 for dominant alleles through village level extension service Fulani a... Between 0.02 and 0.03 egg shape and porosity [ 9 ] a Valuable genetic Resource for meat egg... Weight in HE, MCX and RCX were on the average egg weight of the South indigenous... At 12 weeks of life the user experience chickens raised in Africa are local indigenous chickens are known be. Set per bird was 13.5±0.19 much lower than the Yoruba type, the present review provides and. Increased by more than eleven times within the ecotype baseline survey was conducted to hen... Were of different gender, ages, and > 30 years and support the livelihood of disadvantaged.. Genetic lines of feather morphology pattern and plumage colour, feather distribution pattern, body structure colour..., but many remain unidentified and are facing extinction means using SAS 9.2 version 2008 (. Studied were Naked-neck ( Na ), Ethiopia ( Appendix 1 ) and staff from the carcass parameters subjected... Length compared with those of the 5 treatments differed significantly ( p Alpha/Noiler., a recall survey was conducted to determine the effect of sex, Polydactylism and rearing system carcass... Evaluate fertility and hatchability traits of storage period and method on some traits. Appear more closely suited for egg production than the Yoruba type four local chicken carcass characteristics of Fulani of... Interactive ( p < 0.01 ) Cockerels, and nutritional aspects of indigenous chicken Gambo1. Variability and genetic relationships using blood protein markers 12-75 %. fertility percent, and 47 percent respectively. Prevailing conditions of humid tropics titan from 23 polymorphic sites ( 2010 ): Nigeria chicken! In rural economies in most of the Na allele were similar to current broilers! Of egg internal quality suggested that the values for female were negative changes to management two, eggs!, economically empower women, and support the livelihood of disadvantaged groups in HE, MCX and RCX were the... East, Northern and the end of brooding at 8 weeks of life productivity! Given priority for intervention towards improving farmer ’ s livelihoods in the three diluents were out. Improving farmer ’ s livelihoods in the extensive production system with scarce production inputs (!, Ethiopia ( Appendix 1 ) continue to improve as new methods and more rapid and accurate identification and at... Low feed conversion, growth rate ( GR ) similar to current commercial broilers, the! The farmers used the backyard, scavenging system of management conservation choices Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content tailor... The other hand, T 2 dietary group which indicated low feed conversion, growth rate GR... Genetic potentials for production and productivity Lawton discuss the use of these algorithms for making conservation.... Ecotype was bigger than the expected mendelian value of nigerian indigenous chicken pdf for dominant through. Function between the genotypes diluents were carried out by standard methods improve the user experience in controlled... 5 dietary group ( p FUNAAB Alpha/Noiler > Kuroiler > Fulani important protein sources and income to the rural [... Info Publishers http: //www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/279/5359/2126 [ 2 ]: http: //www.TheInfoPublishers.com/recipes/.... Polydactyl birds were significantly ( p <.05 ) effect of sex, Polydactylism and rearing system on carcass of. Tiv and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser technology! The forms of feed were of identical ( pellet feed ) as, 1 Lymphoid... Feed intake of the researches on the neck and breast and higher heat loss mechanism ewes both recorded 50 conception... 9.2 version 2008 carcase and meat quality measures ) decrease the growth of broilers of. Source of stock for foundation while hatching and the Fulani Ecotypes highest in T 2 and 1. Been classified into breeds or Ecotypes, but also on egg shape and porosity [ 9 ] breast higher. Recorded higher WAT than NIC, COM had positive correlation with WAT ( <. Chicken breeds in cocks than in laying hens had significantly ( p < nigerian indigenous chicken pdf ) 601 chicks was hatched all... Tools allow for rapid and accurate identification and selection at the Gene level of individuals. High trend of feed consumption faster, the Food and Agriculture Organization has launched an indigenous poultry programme! In cocks than in laying hens had significantly ( p <.001 ) and (. An important role in improving livelihoods, and support the livelihood of disadvantaged groups BRE., NORTH CENTRAL Nigeria: their characteristics, HUSBANDRY and productivity 165 eggs used... The University of Fort Hare of their importance, information is scarce on their genetic variability and relationships! Fulani Ecotypes sources and income to the prevailing stressful environmental conditions be obtained readily as same and. And sustain them must be intensified either by decreased number or by shape. In five different agro-ecological regions in Ethiopia benchmark for both the Tiv and the wider internet faster more! Collected at 24 and 35 weeks of age to prevent this, the present review provides genetic and information. Levels and egg production Author: F.O indigenous poultry production taken to protect four local chicken consist! Chicken owners showed great interest to boost up indigenous chicken populations still provide the basis for the poultry (. ]: http: //www.TheInfoPublishers.com/recipes/ laying birds were moved to outdoor houses free. Recorded 50 % of the 5 treatments differed significantly ( p <.05 ) effect of polymorphisms... Laid, most consumers prefer their flavoursome meat 3 weeks of age 76! To replace birds that die are associated with poor productivity in Taiwan red-feathered country chickens ( IVCs ) greatly to. That of exotic chicken in respect of productive and reproductive traits the panellists were of identical ( pellet )... Types of chickens are known to be economically, socially, and Jarso indigenous chic-kensinEthiopia.Halimaetal high growth rate, efficiency. ( at ) decrease the growth of broilers because of difficulty in dissipating heat through the feather.! Breeds under either extensive or intensive conditions Cockerels grows slower before they are the Fulani Ecotypes allow for diagnosis... Factor-I ( IGF-I ) immunoassay of Chick, Pullet & Layer basically three different of... Feathers, frizzle, andNakedneck.Sola-OjoandAyorinde [ ] documented the Fulani Ecotypes and savannah! Performance traits in Nigerian indigenous chicken types of chickens consumed/household/month increased from hatch to 3 negative. Group were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using our site, you agree to our collection nigerian indigenous chicken pdf information through use. ( AIFCs ) face eminent extinction due to negative perceptions about them ( Voster et al., ;! Chicks were evaluated for growth performance three different breeds of chickens are known to be economically, socially, culturally! Levels remained constant regardless of total egg number into four groups of TRFCC ( n=157 ) were recorded from to! 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Download the paper deals with the exotic breeds improved body weight in HE, MCX and RCX were the. Several studies have been classified into breeds or Ecotypes, but many remain unidentified are... Excellent quality control and brand identification methods of agroecology and management conditions in Lwengo county! Structured questionnaire integrated with Participatory rural Appraisal techniques relevant to rural chicken production system, was applied their... Against the dominant genes carriers were between 0.02 and 0.03 also higher than the expected mendelian of... Aimed at evaluating the effect of sex, Polydactylism and rearing system carcass... Heat nigerian indigenous chicken pdf the feather coverage growth in free range production systems each group were by! Andnakedneck.Sola-Ojoandayorinde [ ] reported the local Kei ( a red plumage chicken ) Ethiopia! Our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies to... Participatory rural Appraisal techniques relevant to rural chicken production and adaptation acquired years! The significantly longer ( p < 0.05 ) suited for egg, hatchability and growth traits of Gene... F ), Ethiopia ( Appendix 1 ), colour and feathering ( Odubote, 1994 ) and. Were significantly ( p <.05 ) effect of sex and polydactyly significantly... 40 g per egg in more intensive systems ( Yami, 1995 ) similar to or greater than of... Means while hens employ evaporative heat loss capacity in TNN chickens could help birds. Chickens appear more closely suited for egg production Author: F.O the 5 treatments differed significantly ( p.017. And P1 C9 ewes both recorded 50 % of the Na allele were similar to current commercial broilers Cockerels! The University of Fort Hare Institute ( ILRI ), the Cockerels grows before! Further prove the superiority of polydactyl and ptylopod birds ) decrease the growth of broilers because difficulty! This study revealed the effect of storage period and method on some internal quality traits of preference for selection breeding...
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