Articles relacionats. Melaleuca (/ˌmɛləˈljuːkə/) is a genus of nearly 300 species of plants in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, commonly known as paperbarks, honey-myrtles or tea-trees (although the last name is also applied to species of Leptospermum). Melaleuca quinquenervia — Niaouli Niaouli … Wikipédia en Français. [2] Bildgalleri. Sie enthalten ätherische Öle . In Australia, Melaleuca is the third most diverse plant genus with up to 300 species. Every species in the genus is an evergreen, and the leaves vary in size from minute and scale-like (M. micromera) to 270 mm (11 in) long (M. leucadendra). [17] A few tropical species also occur in Papua New Guinea, and the distribution of one subspecies, Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. [2]:25–26, The first known description of a Melaleuca species was written by Rumphius in 1741, in Herbarium amboinense[4] before the present system of naming plants was written. Myrtle rust is common in eastern Australia, including Tasmania and has been detected in the Tiwi Islands. Most melaleucas are endemic to Australia, with a few also occurring in Malesia. Melaleucas are an important food source for nectarivorous insects, birds, and mammals. [2]:20–21, Melaleuca flowers are usually arranged in spikes or heads. Melaleuca quinquenervia (broad-leaved paperbark) is the most damaging of 60 exotic species introduced to the Florida Everglades to help drain low-lying swampy areas. Sie enthalten ätherische Öle. superfl., Kajuputi Adans. angustifolia An Melaleuca quinquenervia in uska species han Magnoliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Antonio José Cavanilles, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Stanley Thatcher Blake. WikiZero Özgür Ansiklopedi - Wikipedia Okumanın En Kolay Yolu . [2]:23[18], Some species of Melaleuca, especially M. alternifolia, are cultivated for the production of tea tree oil, and in plantations are susceptible to a number of insect pests. Afrikaans: Melaleuka Deutsch: Myrtenheide suomi: Mesikaarnamyrtti français: Niaouli For more multimedia, look at Melaleuca quinquenervia on Wikimedia Commons. Das ätherische Öl Melaleuca, das vielen unter dem Namen „Teebaum“ bekannt ist, besteht aus über 92 verschiedenen chemischen Verbindungen undverfügt deshalb über schier grenzenlose Einsatzmöglichkeiten. Henero sa mga tanom nga bulak ang Melaleuca.Ang Melaleuca sakop sa kabanay nga Myrtaceae. [2]:26–31, Melaleuca are mostly pollinated by insects, including the introduced honey bee (Apis mellifera), flies, beetles, wasps and thrips. Melaleuca quinquenervia ist im Osten Australiens, in Neukaledonien und in Papua-Neuguinea beheimatet. Melaleuca-Arten sind immergrüne Sträucher oder Bäume, die je nach Art Wuchshöhen von 1 bis 25 Meter erreichen. Fünf relativ kleine Kelchblätter sind verwachsen oder sie fehlen. orth. [32], M. leucadendra in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, M. pulchella ("claw flower") in Melbourne Botanic Garden, M. squarrosa in Langwarrin Flora and Fauna Reserve, M. pungens useful as a hedge because of its prickly foliage, The widely cultivated M. hypericifolia in Arthurs Seat State Park, World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Melaleuca quinquenervia § Status in the United States, 10.3417/1055-3177(2006)16[468:ncimfa]2.0.co;2, "Help protect Florida's natural areas from non-native invasive plants", "Melaleuca - Their Botany, Essential Oil and uses (Preliminaries)", "In vitro and in vivo activity of tea tree oil against azole-susceptible and -resistant human pathogenic yeasts", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melaleuca&oldid=982404558, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 October 2020, at 22:45. Der Australische Teebaum (Melaleuca alternifolia) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Myrtenheiden (Melaleuca) in der Familie der Myrtengewächse (Myrtaceae). 2008: https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myrtenheiden&oldid=203698083, „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“, Silberbaum-Myrtenheide, Kajeputbaum, Cajeputbaum, Teebaum (. Die Blätter des Teebaums werden seit Jahrhunderten von den australischen Ureinwohnern genutzt. Five sepals occur, although these are sometimes fused into a ring of tissue and five petals which are usually small, not showy, and fall off as the flower opens or soon after. [30], Melaleucas are popular garden plants, both in Australia and other tropical areas worldwide. Melaleuca quinquenervia ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Myrtenheiden . It was first formally described in 1797 by the Spanish naturalist Antonio José Cavanilles. [24] "Bee bread" and honey were collected from the hives of native stingless bees in melaleuca forests in the Northern Territory. September 2020 um 20:15 Uhr bearbeitet. Some melaleucas are commonly cultivated, grown as trees for parks and large gardens (such as Melaleuca leucadendra)[31] or as ornamentals (sometimes as Callistemon) such as M. citrina (Callistemon citrinus), M. hypericifolia and M. ): L. A. Craven, R. D. Edwards, K. J. Cowley: Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 15. Viele Staubblätter sind zu fünf Bündeln zusammengefasst. [11] The move has not been adopted by all Australian herbaria with some taxonomists, including Alex George opposing the move. Melaleuca quinquenervia S.T.Blake: Посилання ; Вікісховище: Melaleuca quinquenervia: EOL: 2508582: IPNI: 598073-1: ITIS: 27228: МСОП: 49278407: NCBI: 164942: Мелалеука п’ятинервна, найолі (Melaleuca quinquenervia) — вид рослин роду мелалеука (Melaleuca). var., Melanoleuce St.-Lag. (One specimen of M. cajuputi reached 46 m (151 ft)[3], Many, like M. lineariifolia, are known as paperbarks and have bark that can be peeled in thin sheets, whilst about 20% of the genus, including M. bracteata, have hard, rough bark and another 20% have fibrous bark. Le niaouli (Melaleuca quinquenervia) est un arbre de la famille des Myrtaceae originaire de la côte orientale de l'Australie et de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Die Gattung Melaleuca wurde 1767 durch Carl von Linné aufgestellt. Est cultivé principalement : il … illeg., Phymatocarpus F.Muell., Meladendron St.-Lag., Melaleucon St.-Lag. [29], Melaleuca cajuputi is used to produce a similar oil, known as cajuput oil, which is used in Southeast Asia to treat a variety of infections and to add fragrance to food and soaps. nom. [1] Land clearing, exotic myrtle rust, and especially draining and clearing of swamps threaten many species. It's incredulous to think that humans turn around and "demonize" their own introduced species, mainly for being "out of (human) control." The plant he called Arbor alba is now known as Melaleuca leucadendra. Melaleuca quinquenervia (lat. Metrosideros coriacea Poir. Melaleuca-Arten sind immergrüne Sträucher oder Bäume, die je nach Art Wuchshöhen von 1 bis 25 Meter erreichen. The seeds are sometimes retained in the fruit for many years, only opening when the plant, or part of it, dies or is heated in a bushfire. a b; Externa länkar. Die gegenständig, wechselständig bis unregelmäßig angeordneten Laubblätter sind gestielt oder sitzend und ledrig. [10] The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families maintained by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew lists Calothamnus and the other genera as synonyms of the accepted genus Melaleuca. It is a tree, sometimes growing to more than 20 m (70 ft) with a trunk covered with thick, white, papery bark and weeping thinner branches. coriacea Melaleuca leucadendra var. Außerdem kommt sie auf Melaleuca leucadendra, commonly known as weeping paperbark, long-leaved paperbark or white paperbark is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is widespread in northern Australia, Southeast Asia, New Guinea and the Torres Strait Islands. Der einzelne behaarte oder unbehaarte Griffel endet meist mit einer kopfigen Narbe. Media in category "Melaleuca quinquenervia"The following 69 files are in this category, out of 69 total. The first to be cultivated were grown in England from seed in 1771. S.T.Blake mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1958. orth. Die Blüten sind kurz gestielt oder sitzend. Evidence from DNA studies suggests that either Callistemon and some other genera be incorporated into Melaleuca or that at least 10 new genera be created from the present genus. [1][2], Die harten Kapselfrüchte enthalten wenige bis viele Samen.[1][2]. [21][22][23], Aboriginal Australians used several species of Melaleuca to make rafts, as roofing for shelter, bandages, and food preparation. Some species, especially the South Australian swamp paperbark, M. halmaturorum, thrive in saline soils where few other species survive. Sur votre achat huile essentielle de vie à prendre par leur aspect décoratif, surtout d’instagram : melaleuca quinquenervia en synergie avec un merveilleux pour plein d’humour. sind: Myrtoleucodendron Burm. Wikipedia. L’utilisation de méthyle, réputé pour clarifier les blessures de vous sublimerez vos publications. [25] The Bundjalung people traditionally lived in the area of north-eastern New South Wales where Melaleuca alternifolia is endemic, and they treated skin infections by crushing the leaves of that species over skin infections then covering the area with a warm mudpack. Будова. ex A.Lyons nom. Melaleuca viridiflora, commonly known as broad-leaved paperbark is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is native to woodlands, swamps and streams of monsoonal areas of northern Australia and New Guinea.It is usually a small tree with an open canopy, papery bark and spikes of cream, yellow, green or red flowers. Drei Fruchtblätter sind zu einem halbunterständigen bis unterständigen Fruchtknoten verwachsen. It grows as a spreading tree up to 20 m (70 ft) tall, with its trunk covered by a white, beige and grey thick papery bark. … [3][4] Der Gattungsname Melaleuca ist aus den griechischen Worten μέλας mélas für dunkel oder „schwarz“ und λευκός leukós für „weiß“ abgeleitet und bezieht sich auf die typische Borke. Es ist ein Diskus vorhanden. Die gegenständig, wechselständig bis unregelmäßig angeordneten Laubblätter sind gestielt oder sitzend und ledrig. ex DC., Lamarchea Gaudich., Lamarkea Rchb. Most melaleucas occur naturally only on the Australian mainland. Sie ist in Australien, Neuseeland, Neuguinea und Neukaledonien heimisch, wird jedoch auch außerhalb dieses Gebietes kultiviert. [12], The name Melaleuca is derived from the Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas) meaning "dark" or "black" and λευκός (leukós) meaning "white",[13][14] apparently because one of the first specimens described had fire-blackened white bark. [6], The genus Callistemon was raised by Robert Brown, who noted its similarity to Melaleuca, distinguishing it only on the basis of whether the stamens are free of each other, or joined in bundles. Es sind Hochblätter vorhanden. In tropical areas, seeds are released annually in the wet season. Melaleucas range in size from small shrubs such as M. aspalathoides and M. concinna which rarely grow to more than 1 m (3 ft 3 in) high, to trees like M. cajuputi and M. quinquenervia, which can reach 35 m (115 ft). Sie gehört zur Artengruppe der Melaleuca leucadendra. [2]:20–21, The fruit are woody, cup-shaped, barrel-shaped, or almost spherical capsules, often arranged in clusters along the stems. Many are fire tolerant, regenerating from epicormic buds or by coppicing, but no melaleucas occur in rainforest and few species occur in the arid zone. Melaleuca quinquenervia ingår i släktet Melaleuca och familjen myrtenväxter. Joseph J. Brophy, Lyndley A. Craven, John C. Doran: W. Blaschek, Rudolf Hänsel, K. Keller, J. Reichling, H. Rimpler, G. Schneider (Hrsg. Melaleuca viridiflora var. auch in die Gattung Melaleuca, dies wird kontrovers diskutiert. Chú thích Liên kết ngoài. An Melaleuca quinquenervia in nahilalakip ha genus nga Melaleuca, ngan familia nga Myrtaceae. Introduced in the early 20th century, it has become a serious invasive species , with damaging effects including the displacement of native species, reduction in wildlife habitat, alteration of hydrology, modification of soil, and changes in fire regimes. Typusart ist Melaleuca leucadendra .mw-parser-output .Person{font-variant:small-caps}(L.) L.[4] Synonyme für Melaleuca L. nom. superfl., Cajuputi Adans. Melaleuca leucadendra var. [1][2], Wenige bis viele Blüten stehen in seiten- oder endständigen, einfachen oder zusammengesetzten, ährigen, traubigen oder kopfigen Blütenstände zusammen. orth. Metrosideros albida Sieber ex DC. Melaleuca quinquenervia (auch als „Myrtenheide“ bezeichnet) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Myrtenheiden (Melaleuca).Sie ist in Australien, Neuseeland, Neuguinea und Neukaledonien heimisch, wird jedoch auch außerhalb dieses Gebietes kultiviert. The name Melaleuca was first used by Linnaeus in 1767. Einige Autoren stellen die Arten der Gattung der Zylinderputzer (Callistemon R.Br.) Melaleuca leucadendra ist im gesamten Norden Australiens, westlich vom Bonaparte Archipel bis Shoalwater Bay (Queensland), in den Bundesstaaten Western Australia, dem Northern Territory und Queensland weit verbreitet und häufig. Melaleuca quinquenervia [1] är en myrtenväxtart som först beskrevs av Antonio José Cavanilles, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Stanley Thatcher Blake. The grey-green leaves are egg-shaped, and cream or white bottlebrush-like flowers appear from late spring to autumn. D'aquestes unes 230 espècies són endèmiques d'Austràlia, les poques espècies restants es reparteixen per Indonèsia, Papua Nova Guinea, Nova Caledònia i fins i tot a Malàisia. Many are popular garden plants, either for their attractive flowers or as dense screens and a few have economic value for producing fencing and oils such as "tea tree" oil. Melaleuca quinquenervia, o niaouli, es un árbol de pequeño y mediano tamaño perteneciente a la familia Myrtaceae.La planta es originaria de Nueva Caledonia, Papúa Nueva Guinea y la costa este de Australia, a partir de Botany Bay en Nueva Gales del Sur hacia el Norte, en Queensland y el Territorio del Norte. PARTE I O ECOSSISTEMA INVADIDO E AS ESPCIES INVASORAS Captulo 1 As Invases Bioli!as 1"1" INTROD#$%O A introduo de espcies exticas e sua naturalizao hoje considerada como um dos mecanismos responsveis pela alterao global da biosfera, originando modificaes profundas na estrutura e no funcionamento dos ecossistemas, uma homogeneizao dos biota, uma reduo da biodiversidade e a … Melaleucas grow in a range of soil types and many tolerate occasional or even permanent waterlogging. wilsonii. Melaleuca és un gènere de plantes en la família de les mirtàcies que inclou 236 espècies. An Melaleuca in uska genus han Magnoliopsida.An Melaleuca in nahilalakip ha familia nga Myrtaceae. Seven are endemic to New Caledonia, and one is found only on (Australia's) Lord Howe Island. Within the head or spike, the flowers are often in groups of two or three, each flower or group having a papery bract at its base. [2]:19 They range in size from small shrubs that rarely grow to more than 16 m (52 ft) high, to trees up to 35 m (115 ft). Die Bestäubung erfolgt durch Insekten (Entomophilie) oder Vögel (Ornithophilie). Hình ảnh. var., Eremaeopsis Kuntze, Petraeomyrtus Craven.[3]. nom. [2]:16–17[9], In 2014, Lyndley Craven and others proposed, on the basis of DNA evidence, that species in the genera Beaufortia, Calothamnus, Conothamnus, Eremaea, Lamarchea, Petraeomyrtus, Phymatocarpus and Regelia be transferred to Melaleuca. Melaleuca quinquenervia — penkiagyslė mirtenė statusas T sritis vardynas apibrėžtis Mirtinių šeimos dekoratyvinis, medieninis, vaistinis, medingas augalas (Melaleuca quinquenervia), paplitęs atogrąžų Azijoje (Malaizijoje) ir Australijoje. [26], Melaleuca alternifolia is notable for its essential oil which is both antifungal and antibiotic,[27] while safely usable for topical applications. The most significant of these is the Chrysomelid, Paropsisterna tigrina, but other beetles, cutworm caterpillars (Agrotis species), psyllids, mole crickets (Gryllotalpa), and others cause significant damage. angustifolia Melaleuca smithii R.T.Baker Melaleuca maidenii R.T.Baker Melaleuca leucadendra var. [7] Botanists in the past, including Ferdinand von Mueller and Lyndley Craven[8] have proposed uniting the two genera but the matter is not decided. Melaleuca quinquenervia) — mərsinkimilər fəsiləsinin çay ağacı cinsinə aid bitki növü. Native stands have fewer predators, but tea tree sawfly (Pterygophorus species) and longicorn beetles are often found. Melaleuca, like all trees, takes in CO2 and produces oxygen, reducing the carbon footprint of humans. 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